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Verona Municipality of Veneto (198.9 km2 with 259,087 ab. in 2020), provincial capital. The city is located at 59 m a. s.l., on the northern edge of the Venetian Plain, at the foot of the Lessini Mountains and near the outlet of the Adige valley. The ancient nucleus, located within one of the two large loops described by the Adige, preserves the typical layout of the Roman city, with two main axes that cross at right angles at the Piazza delle Erbe (the ancient Forum).
The urban evolution of V. it is marked by a series of fortification works, a visible sign of the military function performed by the city under the different dominations: the Emperor Gallienus (3 sec), the Scaligeri and the Venetians, between the Middle Ages and the modern age, redefined the perimeter of the city on several occasions with imposing walls; in the nineteenth century the Austrians built a complex system of forts outside the walls Moderna. Only in the first half of the twentieth century, following the installation of the first industrial settlements, V. it began to expand beyond the walls and the first suburbs were formed, along the roads connecting Trento to N, Venice to E, Milan to O, and S of the railway (Borgo Roma).
After the Second World War, an intense reconstruction of the historical nucleus, seriously damaged by the bombings, was accompanied by a new phase of demographic development, continued until the 1960s, and topographical. Since the 1970s and 1980s, on the contrary, the rate of population growth has shown a reverse trend, gradually accentuated as a result of the consolidation of dynamics of residential decentralization in favor of the urban belt and only partially offset by immigration flows.
Agriculture, once widespread within the municipal territory, has been progressively relegated to residual interstitial areas by building expansion (fruit and vegetables). Industry plays a key role in the economy of the city, which is the second largest industrial center in Veneto after Mestre-Marghera. The main sectors are mechanical, agri-food, chemical, printing-publishing, clothing and footwear. With the construction of the first-level Quadrant Europe interport and the upgrading of the nearby Villafranca airport in the 1980s, the city has become one of the main organizing centers in northern Italy for intermodal traffic in the direction of northern European countries. V. is also an important city of art and annually promotes specialized exhibitions of international importance.
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